PSG has now claimed the prestigious trophy on fourteen different occasions.
The Parisian giants needed a stoppage-time leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in Kuwait and secure a fourth straight French Super Cup title.
The European champions seemed to be coasting towards a comfortable win in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup winners after Ousmane Dembele opened the net early on.
However, the southern French side fired two times late to seize a shock advantage. Initially, Mason Greenwood scored from the penalty spot, before the defender unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking turn of events, the Portuguese striker grabbed a vital leveler in the dying moments to force the match into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, saving crucial attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all scored successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a 4-1 penalty win.
The record winners Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now won this trophy for the 12th time in the last thirteen seasons.